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Computers
Protocol is a set of rules and conventions by which two computers pass messages across a network. Sets of standard protocols facilitate communication between the computers in a network having different types of hardware and software. Both the sender and the receiver computers must use exactly the same set of protocols in order to communicate with each other. A protocol can lay down the rules for the message format, timing, sequencing, and error handling.
A group of protocols form a protocol suite. A particular suite of protocols is implemented in a particular type of network or used by a vendor for all its products.
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) is a Microsoft proprietary non-routable protocol. It is usually used in single LANs comprising one to two hundred clients. NetBEUI was developed by IBM for its LAN Manager product and has been adopted by Microsoft for its Windows NT, LAN Manager, and Windows for Workgroups products. This protocol uses Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) names to identify the computers on a network.
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The main disadvantage of this protocol is that it is not routable, so it cannot be used in large networks. It is a broadcast based protocol and can, therefore, cause network congestion if used in large networks. Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) is a protocol suite used by Novell NetWare clients to connect to a NetWare server. IPX/SPX is a routable protocol. It is supported by Microsoft operating systems. IPX/SPX can be used for both large and small networks. The Internet does not use this protocol.
IPX addresses consist of hexadecimal numbers that are divided into two parts. The first part represents the address of the network, and the second part represents the MAC address of the workstation or node, which is present on the network card. An example of an IPX address is: 0ADB33CE : 0003EF8D005CE. In this protocol suite, names are assigned only to servers, and the workstations use their respective IPX addresses.
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